The Spirit As A Believer Of Christ, Future Educator, And...

As a believer in Christ, future educator, as well as future mother I believe there is an absolute correlation between the fruits of the Spirit as seen in Galatians 5:22-23 to care giving. In my opinion, one should not submerge into a care giving position (whether that means being a mother, father, or teacher) unless they fully obtain the fruits of the Spirit. The entire portion of 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 speak about love, however it was once explained to me that these verses are not necessarily only about lovers, but rather everyone such as friends, family, spouses, and even enemies. If we as believers, are to obey scripture such as to love our enemies such as in Matthew 5:44, then how could we be nurturing caregivers, without including the fruits of the Spirit. Through the entire semester, we have focused on multiple different aspects of children development, (attachment, temperament, play, social development, gender, and parenting). Every single one of these different aspects (in my o pinion) have an absolute correlation to the fruits of the Spirit if we are truly considering it from a biblical perspective. In regards to temperament, as one may understand there are three different types (easy going, slow to warm up, and difficult). As any educator, or parent may understand, dealing which children, especially difficult children can be a daunting task. We as nurturing caregivers must work along side of these children with â€Å"love, joy, peace, and patience† in order to aShow MoreRelatedChristian Philosophy Versus Christian Worldview1794 Words   |  8 Pagesas a right or wrong worldview, since it can consist of subjective opinions on life, love, family and religious philosophies. These worldviews create philosophical questions regarding how society truly functions and different human principles. As educators it is critical that one nurtures the Christian mind in order to fulfill the Christian worldview. It is also absolutely essential that the education s ystem and learning objectives put forward are relevant because they make significant contributionsRead MoreSda Manual Essay101191 Words   |  405 PagesSociety. Used by permission of Zondervan Bible Publishers. Bible texts credited to RSV are from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright  © 1946, 1952, 1971, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Used by permission. Texts credited to RV are from The Holy Bible, Revised Version, Oxford University Press, 1911. Printed in U.S.A. 09 08 07 06 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 0-8280-1947-9 ISBN 0-8280-1948-7 hardcover paperback PrintedRead MoreHistory of Work Ethic8363 Words   |  34 PagesHistorical Context of the Work Ethic Roger B. Hill, Ph.D.  © 1992, 1996 From a historical perspective, the cultural norm placing a positive moral value on doing a good job because work has intrinsic value for its own sake was a relatively recent development (Lipset, 1990). Work, for much of the ancient history of the human race, has been hard and degrading. Working hard--in the absence of compulsion--was not the norm for Hebrew, classical, or medieval cultures (Rose, 1985). It was not until the Protestant

Cause And Leading Causes And Effects Of Smoking Cigarettes

Smoking Cigarettes Cigarettes are a lot like hamsters. Both are harmless until you put one in your month and light it on fire. Cigarette smoke contains more than 7,000 chemicals. 43 of those chemicals are known for causing cancer and 400 other toxins. In the United States, 20.8% of adults’ smoke cigarettes which is 45.3 million people. Smoking cigarettes is the leading cause of preventable disease and death. It is accountable for 1 of every 5 deaths in a year which is more than 480,000 deaths every year. People should stop smoking cigarettes because they are bad for not only your health but another people’s health as well and they are very unappealing. Cigarettes are also addictive and expensive. Smoking cigarettes are health hazard.†¦show more content†¦It might only help for a short period of time, but it does help. Cigarettes contain nicotine, which is a psychoactive or a mood-altering drug. It takes eight seconds for the nicotine to reach the brain and releases dopamine. Dopamine causes emotional state of pleasure or relaxation and energy, which most refer it a† buzz.† People should stop smoking cigarettes because it is very unappealing. Smoking cigarettes is bad not only for your health but for your outer appearance. You will have bags under your eyes. According to John Hopkins study, smokers are four time more likely to feel unrested after a night’s sleep compared to a nonsmoker. Nicotine in the cigarettes can cause your teeth to lose the whiteness and actually make your teeth yellow. Not only will your teeth turn yellow, so you’re your fingers. Smoking also leads to premature aging and wrinkles. Smoking cigarettes you have a higher chance of lose teeth due to dental problem caused from the harmful chemicals in cigarettes. One could argue and say that smoking is cool because all of their friends do it. Most smokers that are addicted started smoking in high school. About 39.4% to 30.1% of high schoolers smoke cigarettes. 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Cardiovascular Diseases in Australian Women- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCardiovascular Diseases in Australian Women forCVD. Answer: Introduction Cardiovascular disease also referred to as heart disease is among the leading causes of mortality in Australia. The National Heart Foundation indicates that heart disease leads to more deaths in women as compared to their male counterparts. There are different risk factors that are more particular for women in regard to heart disease. These include lack of physical exercise, being post-menopausal, family stress for single mothers, excess intake of fatty food, and high salt intake among others (Cho 2016). Social determinants that influence the risk of acquiring heart disease include; coming from disadvantage areas and being indigenous Australian, having a family history of the disease, and minimal social amenities within ones residential areas for exercising and finding immediate medical attention (Zeigler, 2016). Registered Nurses need to use tailor-made motivational interviewing principles in order to help women take up personalized approaches to reduce the risk of heart disease. Th e following discussion outline the impacts of CVD on Australian women, the social and behavioral risk factors, and the principles of motivational interviewing for Jan, a client who is at risk of acquiring heart disease. Impact of CVD on Australian Women CVD impacts negatively on Australian women. The first impact of CVD in Australian women is that it leads as a cause of premature death. According to National Heart Foundation about 45,392 deaths in Australia in the year 2015 was caused by heart disease (Kay et al, 2017). This means that in each 12 minute, Australia records one death as a result of CVD. Therefore, the year 2015 experienced 30% of deaths resulting from CVD in Australia. More specifically, 27% of male deaths and 30% of female deaths in the same year resulted from CVD (Kay et al, 2017). It is thus clear that Australian women are more likely to die from CVD than their male counterparts. While Australian males suffer twice the number of heart attacks, their female counterparts are a higher chance of dying from them. More women also die from stroke as compared to men. Secondly, CVD being a major cause of death in Australia, it is costly in terms of treatment. The National Health Foundation indicates that CVD accounts for about 18% of Australias total burden of disease. Recent research also indicates that the condition is the most expensive group of diseases to treat in Australia. Between 2008 and 2009, the CVD cost an approximate $7.47 billion to treat where more than half of this went to paying for patients who were admitted in hospital (Kay et al, 2017). It is thus expensive especially for poor indigenous communities in rural Australia. CVD as an illness has social implications including long hospital stays and hospital separations. Between 2014 and 2015, CVD contributed to 490,000 hospitalizations in Australia. More than half of these included women (Kay et al, 2017). The long stays in hospitals and the separations from families for hospitalization negatively impact on families both emotionally and psychologically. The National Heart Foundation indicates that there was an increase of hospital separations from 2004 to 2015 by 8% (Kay et al, 2017). Understanding the role of women in homes especially among indigenous Australians who live in families, it is clear that their families suffer emotionally while bearing the burden of responsibilities. Social Determinants Increasing risk of CVD Different social determinants influence the risk of CVD among women in Australia. One of these include gender as indicated above that women are at a higher risk of developing and even dying from CVD as compared to men in Australia. This is because there are higher chances of a woman at post-menopausal age to develop CVD due to deteriorated levels of estrogen production (Kay et al, 2017). Further, women like Jan, are more likely to be obese due to inadequate physical exercise as compared to men and this increases their risk to CVD. This is the reason why while twice the number of men gets heart attacks; more women actually die from it than men. Secondly according to Vaccarino Bremner (2017), having a family history of CVD as is the case for Jan puts one at risk of developing CVD. Studies indicate that parents who have heart disease are most likely to have children with the condition. Even so, the older one gets, the higher the risk of the condition (Zeigler, 2016). Therefore Jan having had a mother with CVD, she is most likely going to develop the disease if she does not reduce the risk factors. Another social risk factor is poverty and a lack of access to proper health care. According to the National Heart Foundation, women who come from the most disadvantaged regions of Australia have 29% death rates due to CVD, above other women who come from least disadvantaged regions (Vissers et al, 2016). Women from rural areas are exposed to more risk factors as they have no facilities to exercise, carry out regular health check-ups and participate in their own healthcare. This is the case for Jan, who is in rural Queensland with limited access to counseling and/or facilities for exercise as could be the case for those in urban areas (Vissers et al, 2016). Further, women who are Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islanders are at a higher risk of CVD than their non-indigenous counterparts. They are also more likely to have higher diabetes and obesity rates. Jan is thus at a higher risk of acquiring CVD, as she comes from the rural areas where healthcare services are poorer as compared t o those in urban areas. Behavioral Determinants Increasing risk of CVD There are several behavioral risk factors that Jan in the case study faces, which can make her develop cardiovascular diseases. Unhealthy diet is one of the major behavioral factors contributing to development of cardiovascular diseases (Alley et al, 2017). Diets which are highly saturated with cholesterol, fats and trans-facts bring about heart disease including related conditions like atherosclerosis. Studies also indicate that foods with too much salt lead to hypertension. From the case study, it is clear that Jan is likely to develop cardiovascular diseases due to her consumption of food with excess salt. High sugar intake is risky as it leads to obesity and high insulin levels. This leads to insulin resistance, a precedence of diabetes and eventually CVD (Chockalingam et al, 2016). Jan drinks 4 to 5 full-sugar Cola drink daily and this puts her at risk of CVD in the long-term. Lack of physical exercise also puts one at the risk of CVD. This is because it increases the likelihood of obesity, hypertension and diabetes, which are major contributors to CVD causation (Wise, 2014). From the case study, Jan has opted to avoid walking exercises and considering that she likes cooking and eating, she is likely to be obese in the short-run. Inadequate exercise means that excess fats and cholesterol are not broken down and can end up blocking arteries including coronary arteries to cause heart attacks. Stress as a behavioral aspect also contributes to the development of heart disease. From the case study, Jan is stressed as she is currently unemployed single mother who separated with her husband recently. She is apparently worried about how she will manage to care for her 13 and 15-year old children single-handedly. Stress puts one at a higher risk of getting strokes and/or heart attacks (Bartrop, 2017). Anxiety and depression that comes with stressful events are major behavioral risk factors as well. Motivational Interviewing Principles The first principle I will use, is expressing empathy while avoiding arguments with the client (Miller, 2015). In order to discuss about exercising for instance, I will tell Jan I honestly understand that it must been hard for you being a mother to exercise so as to maintain a healthy in the recent past. A lot of my patients have also reported of this difficulty. Even so, I think it remains imperative for us to attempt to find how you can work on this. Jan, what do you think can make you eat less but exercise more? From this discussion, the patient will understand that as the nurse I am empathetic but at the same time she will give out direct answers without arguments. Secondly, development of discrepancies where nurse and/or physician helps a patient to understand the variation between their behavior and their goals is paramount (Schumacher, 2013). This will enable the patient to strive to take part in their own care. In this case for instance, I would tell Jan "You just informed me that you want to feel better, reduce the risk of CVD having a family history of the same, and reduce the potential amount you might use for CVD medication. I believe you understand that exercising, avoiding depression, maintaining proper diet and losing weight would be of good help in preventing CVD. Jan, what are the reasons you think make it hard to find sufficient time for yourself to exercise and practice these healthy behavior? The patient can then compare her health goals and the direction she wants to take in preventing CVD in future. Further, there is need for a nurse and/or physician to approach the patient with resistance and then provide a feedback that is personalized (Schumacher, 2013). When the patient expresses the reasons as to why they cannot achieve their goals, it is important a nurse and/or physician to assist them find successful ways. For instance I will tell Jan "I am aware that you are tired from taking your routine walking exercise, is it possible for you to create time to resume this? This will help the patient consider revisiting and working on her health goals. Summary and Conclusion CVD stands as the major cause of mortality in most industrialized countries including Australia. Even so, it contributes to more deaths in women than in men in Australia. The above discussion outlines the impacts of CVD on Australian women including death, high cost of the disease burden, hospitalization and emotional problems to families. The discussion also highlights the social and behavioral determinants of CVD including gender, family history of disease, social amenities, physical exercise, and dieting, high stress levels among others. Further, the discussion provides different motivational interviewing principles that are appropriate for handling Jan the patient in the case study. These principles include the need to; be empathetic but minimize arguments with the patient, create discrepancies between the patients health goals and their current behavior and further; approaching the patient with resistance yet providing them with feedback that is tailor-made for them. References Alley, S., Duncan, M., Schoeppe, S., Rebar, A., Vandelanotte, C. (2017). 8-year trends in physical activity, nutrition, TV viewing time, smoking, alcohol and BMI: A comparison of younger and older Queensland adults.PLOS ONE,12(3), e0172510. https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172510 Bartrop, R. (2017). Cardiovascular risk following widowhood.Coronary Artery Disease,28(2), 93-94. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000446 Cho, K. (2016). Women, Stress and Heart Health: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Cardiovascular Disease.Kosin Medical Journal,31(2), 103. https://dx.doi.org/10.7180/kmj.2016.31.2.103 Chockalingam, P., Vinayagam, N., Vani, N., Chockalingam, V. (2016). PM084 Modifying Behavioral Risk Factors: A Key Component in Coronary Heart Disease Prevention.Global Heart,11(2), e84. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2016.03.290 Kay, S., Scalia, G., Seco, M., Vallely, M., Celermajer, D., on behalf of the Board of Structural Heart Disease Australia. (2017). Structural Heart Disease Australia (SHDA).Heart, Lung And Circulation. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2017.04.003 Miller, W. (2015). Celebrating Carl Rogers: Motivational Interviewing and the Person-Centered Approach.Motivational Interviewing: Training, Research, Implementation, Practice,1(3), 4-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.5195/mitrip.2014.54 Mitchell, J., Donovan, R., Straveski, B. (2014). PM350 New directions to address heart disease in Australian women.Global Heart,9(1), e133. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gheart.2014.03.1701 Schumacher, J. (2013). Motivational Interviewing Step By Step.Motivational Interviewing: Training, Research, Implementation, Practice,1(2), 24-25. https://dx.doi.org/10.5195/mitrip.2013.37 Vaccarino, V., Bremner, J. (2017). Behavioral, emotional and neurobiological determinants of coronary heart disease risk in women.Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews,74, 297-309. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.04.023 Vissers, L., Waller, M., van der Schouw, Y., Hebert, J., Shivappa, N., Schoenaker, D., Mishra, G. (2016). The relationship between the dietary inflammatory index and risk of total cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease: Findings from an Australian population-based prospective cohort study of women.Atherosclerosis,253, 164-170. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.929 Wise, J. (2014). Lack of exercise outweighs obesity among heart disease risk factors, says Australian study.BMJ,348(may08 7), g3182-g3182. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3182 Zeigler, V. (2016). Womens Heart Health: Differences in Heart Disease in Women Compared to Heart Disease in Men.International Journal Of Women's Health And Reproduction Sciences,4(3), 87-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2016.22

Venus And Adonis Essays (1332 words) - Operas, Nude Art,

Venus And Adonis Venus and Adonis: Images of Sexuality in Nature Love is the answer, but while you are waiting for the answer, sex raises some pretty good questions. - Woody Allen Throughout his plays and poetry Shakespeare imbeds numerous and diverse themes, many of them relating to love, sexuality, life, death, religion and countless others. In his poem Venus and Adonis Shakespeare tackles the theme of sexuality as a representation of love, and a function of Nature. The characters of Venus and Adonis, often times reminiscent of an Elizabethan fallen Adam and Eve, create a sexually charged poem that lends much of the power and influence of love and life and death to Nature. Shakespeare creates a natural phenomenon that physically links the love and actions of these two characters to the forces, both positive and destructive, to Nature herself. The poem allows Venus and Adonis a certain power or authority over the forces that lie within the powers of Nature, but Shakespeare's creation of this sexual narrative as a depiction of erotic desire as a tragic event leads the characters to inevitable misfortune, and a complete loss of control over their circumstances. Shakespeare's text can be broadly divided into three sections. The first being Venus' expressions of love for Adonis, the second involving Adonis' death and the hunt, and the third and final section focuses on Venus' reaction to the loss of Adonis. In the first third, Venus tries with increasing desperation to entice Adonis into sex. The pastoral setting on the primrose bank is ideal for the sexually charged analogies she creates. She bombards him with oxymorons involving hot ice, showers him with floral metaphors, launches into an extended variation on the old carpe diem theme, and cracks familiar puns on words such as harts and deer. Venus seems to have inspired control over her own body, and wondrously metamorphosizes her form to suit her purpose, making it heavy enough to need trees to support it, then giving the violets she lies on the strength of trees (152). For all its desperation, the first section is energetic and hopeful, emphasizing Adonis' youth and Venus' constantly self-renewing flesh. The descriptions of love found here are wholly sexual and physically based, but there is a desperate strength in Venus' repeated attempts and persistence. However, at the center of the poem Adonis announces that he intends to hunt the boar the next day. Venus collapses with the boy on top of her, and follows what ought to be the sexual climax of Venus' attempts to lure Adonis into her bed, but all Venus gets from the encounter is frustration: `all is imaginary she doth prove' (597). In this next section of the poem, which takes place in the forest, Venus speaks of fear, the fear of the boar and the terror of the hunted hare. Death, which has been a veiled presence throughout the first half, becomes the controlling factor of the second. Instead of urging Adonis to beget, Venus warns him that he will be murdering his own posterity if he fails to make love (757-60). The youthfulness of Adonis, which had been described in such vital terms in the first section, able to `drive infection from the dangerous year' (508), suddenly finds itself subjected to more infections than it can hope to cure: As burning fevers, agues pale and faint, Life-poisoning pestilence and frenzies wood, The marrow-eating sickness whose attaint Disorder breeds by heating of the blood (739-42). At the same time Venus loses control over her body. As she hurries through the woods after the sound of Adonis' horn, her body is subjected to the intrusive gropings of bushes: Some catch her by the neck, some kiss her face, / Some twine about her thigh to make her stay (872-3). This attack on Venus' physical body, and her inability to stop it renders her even more powerless, and her dominating sexuality is turned to frightened reserve as she searches for Adonis. Her efforts to entice Adonis through her pastoral metaphors have failed, even after she evidences her love through the tangible elements of Nature. In the first half of Shakespeare's poem Venus struggles to create a poetic Eden out of the substance of Adonis' body and her own. She tells him that

The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz--Words Or Whip Essays

The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz--Words or Whip? The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz--Words or Whip? The whip that a lion-tamer uses is the single most important tool that will assists him in successfully taming the lions. To demonstrate his point clearly to the beasts, he must thrash the lions with his blood-sucking whip whenever they perform an incorrect act. This is the only way that he can communicate with these low-intelligence animals, because lions cannot even understand the most indecent word in the English language. But as for humans, most of us are able to understand the language that the people around us speak. Therefore whipping, caning, strapping, or any kind of corporal punishments are not necessary -- they are reserved for animals only. Not too long ago, teachers at school and parents at home use various forms of corporal punishment on their students and children -- there are also several techniques associated with each of them. But as our society becomes more civilized, these savage acts are now looked upon with disdain and contempt. What used to be considered as corporal punishment is now considered as physical abuse. It should be thought of that way long ago. Physical abuse as penalty surely works. It arouses resentments and bitterness, but it works. If a student does something wrong and gets a whipping for it, he or she will cease doing the same erroneous act again. Though it will not change the way he or she thinks, but it WILL work. The student will not understand why he or she should not behave in that particular manner, and will continue to think that he or she is right, but physical abuse can stop them from doing it again -- it definitely works. But in long-term, some people are inclined to rebel against the authority who impose corporal punishments on them. Once they can overpower the authority, they will challenge their masters. Others, like Duddy Kravitz, they get used to their punishments and cannot care less for them. Duddy gets strapped so often that he virtually asks Mr. MacPherson for it. "So when he led Duddy Kravitz into the Medical Room that afternoon, breaking with a practice of twenty years, the actual blows were feeble, and it was Duddy who emerged triumphant, racing outside to greet his classmates." Duddy also excitedly announced to his peers: "Hey, look! Look, jerkos! Ten on each. Mac strapped me. Mac, of all people." Obviously, Duddy is no longer intimidated by strapping. Strapping or any kind of corporal punishment is not an effective way to change human behaviour because it simply cannot change people's minds. Humans, unlike animals, should be taught with words. If a student has done something wrong, instead of giving him or her a good strapping, a nice little chat would be more appropriate. The teacher must make the student understand what he or she has done and why it should not have been done. The teacher must make the student feel that he or she is wrong. That way, the awful act is unlikely to recur. Mr. MacPherson shou ld be praised for his virtue of not strapping any boy. It is very good of him to understand the futility of corporal punishments. It is quite unfortunate that he gives up this virtue when finally can not stand the pressure of his wife's death and Duddy's agitation. The Apprenticeship Of Duddy Kravitz--Words Or Whip Essays The Apprenticeship of Duddy Kravitz--Words or Whip? The whip that a lion-tamer uses is the single most important tool that will assists him in successfully taming the lions. To demonstrate his point clearly to the beasts, he must thrash the lions with his blood-sucking whip whenever they perform an incorrect act. This is the only way that he can communicate with these low-intelligence animals, because lions cannot even understand the most indecent word in the English language. But as for humans, most of us are able to understand the language that the people around us speak. Therefore whipping, caning, strapping, or any kind of corporal punishments are not necessary -- they are reserved for animals only. Not too long ago, teachers at school and parents at home use various forms of corporal punishment on their students and children -- there are also several techniques associated with each of them. But as our society becomes more civilized, these savage acts are now looked upon with disdain and contempt. What used to be considered as corporal punishment is now considered as physical abuse. It should be thought of that way long ago. Physical abuse as penalty surely works. It arouses resentments and bitterness, but it works. If a student does something wrong and gets a whipping for it, he or she will cease doing the same erroneous act again. Though it will not change the way he or she thinks, but it WILL work. The student will not understand why he or she should not behave in that particular manner, and will continue to think that he or she is right, but physical abuse can stop them from doing it again -- it definitely works. But in long-term, some people are inclined to rebel against the authority who impose corporal punishments on them. Once they can overpower the authority, they will challenge their masters. Others, like Duddy Kravitz, they get used to their punishments and cannot care less for them. Duddy gets strapped so often that he virtually asks Mr. MacPherson for it. "So when he led Duddy Kravitz into the Medical Room that afternoon, breaking with a practice of twenty years, the actual blows were feeble, and it was Duddy who emerged triumphant, racing outside to greet his classmates." Duddy also excitedly announced to his peers: "Hey, look! Look, jerkos! Ten on each. Mac strapped me. Mac, of all people." Obviously, Duddy is no longer intimidated by strapping. Strapping or any kind of corporal punishment is not an effective way to change human behaviour because it simply cannot change people's minds. Humans, unlike animals, should be taught with words. If a student has done something wrong, instead of giving him or her a good strapping, a nice little chat would be more appropriate. The teacher must make the student understand what he or she has done and why it should not have been done. The teacher must make the student feel that he or she is wrong. That way, the awful act is unlikely to recur. Mr. MacPherson should be praised for his virtue of not strapping any boy. It is very good of him to understand the futility of corporal punishments. It is quite unfortunate that he gives up this virtue when finally can not stand the pressure of his wife's death and Duddy's agitation.

Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essays

Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essays Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essay Tailoring Your Strategy To Fit The Cult Essay In this article, I will discuss three aspects of global strategy: the companys mission, villous and Identity, brand strategies, and ammunitions. Drawing upon Egger Hypotheses dimensions of national culture (see Five Cultural Dimensions) and my own extensive research and consultancy work, I will consider ten convergence Ana Leverage AT consumer behavior across countries, in order to help managers better understand the relationship between culture and strategy. Recognizing the differences will lead to increased efficiency in a companys global marketing effort and will ultimately condition the success of any multinational enterprise. Mission, Vision Corporate Identity A crucial element in the strategic planning of any organization starts with its mission statement, an explicit formulation of what a company stands for, and linked to this, a vision statement indicating where the company wants to be in the future, sometimes expressed as its strategic intent. Mission and vision should give focus to everyone who is involved with the company, be it directly (employees) or indirectly (shareholders). This document is authorized for use only by Nail Wises at until May 2014. Canons corporate philosophy of kisses. Apart from the collectivist values such statements express, they also indicate a high degree of power distance, as in the case of Toyota, whose mission is headed: Message from Top Management. Also, contrast Microsofts mission, To help people and business throughout the world to realize their full potential, with Philips to Improve the quality of peoples lives through timely introduction of meaningful innovations. The former reflects the Anglo-Saxon value of self-actualization, while the latter reflects the quality-of-life preferences ore in keeping with the Dutch character. In all these cases, it is vital that a company review its mission statement in light of its own cultural Dallas. A companys blew AT Itself ultimately rennets ten values AT Its leaders and if these values are not shared across cultures, then stakeholders elsewhere may have difficulties identifying with the company. A truly global company would include values that are shared by more cultures than Just its own. Based on its mission and vision, a company then distills its corporate identity, which also reveals its core values. Usually the task of creating a corporate identity begins with the election of an appropriate corporate name. Other factors that contribute to corporate identity include the logo of the organization and marketing communications. All this, including language, lettering and associations, is logically a reflection of the home country of the organization. The British communications consultant Nicholas Mind has defined corporate identity as an organizations identity in its sense of self, much like our own individual sense of identity. Consequently, it is unique. If we consider this definition carefully, we see that it is, in fact, a culturally bound concept. First, the quality of uniqueness resonates primarily with individualistic cultures. Furthermore, the insistence by many organizations that there be worldwide consistency of all the elements of corporate ID, so that the company is perceived universally, again derives from Western notions. In reality, corporate identity translates differently in different parts of the world. Sticking to uniqueness and consistency in corporate identity can be counterproductive, YOU Although the concept of the mission and vision are Western inventions, the practice has been universally embraced by companies worldwide. Providing a statement that expresses a companys strategic intent, its philosophy, values, ethics or operational effectiveness has become standard global management practice. Yet closer analysis of such statements reveals telling differences in content and form across the world.

Critically discuss the key elements of positive practice relationships Essay

Critically discuss the key elements of positive practice relationships with children and their families. To what extent are they influenced by different settings in childrens services - Essay Example According to Cohrssen, Church and Tayler, â€Å"close relationships enable early childhood professionals to better understand individual children and their broader cultural contexts† (n.d., p. 4). Accustomed engagement between a grown up and an infant is a feature of a responsive relationship. Responsive engagement comes inform of caring. According to Cohrssen, Church and Tayler, â€Å"throughout the early years, learning takes place in the context of relationships; the relationship between a teacher and a child may have a special influence on children’s development† (n.d., p. 7). The child teaching practice in this case begins from the parent and family member. Tassoni (2005) urges that for children to feel nurtured and valued, the way in which they are handled should change according to the child’s need. The environment where we live and operate has a great impact in our lives. Equally for children, their living and operating environment has a great influence in their lives and must be ensured, safe and healthy. The child’s physical environment is full of potential and opportunities for them to learn about things, people and other children. This learning can inspire, encourage or challenge the child. It is therefore the duty of educators to make this environment comfortable and interesting to children, thus providing a rich opportunity for children to achieve experience, learn and develop. Early childhood assessment includes making observation, documenting and making other assessment strategies. According to Couchenour and Chrisman â€Å"effective teaching of young children begins with thoughtful, appreciative, systematic observation and documentation of each of the child’s unique qualities, strengths, and needs† (2013, p. 339). Proper observation gives proper insight on how children develop and respond to opportunities and challenges in their lives. In recent times,

Personal essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Personal - Essay Example I also know the wonderful feeling of having a great smile given to you through excellent dental care. At the age of fifteen, when my orthodontist removed my braces, I finally had my new smile, and my orthodontist took great pride of his work. I can never thank enough to my orthodontist for his great work, and I ended up choosing this career since then. My decision to pursue in dentistry field was based on series of important events over the years. I want to help people who want to get treatment but do not have enough money. My attraction to dentistry began about twelve years ago when I started visiting my dentist, and seeing an inner working of the field and that is when everything started to fall into place. During my high school years, I took pride of winning star and honor club awards for mathematics and excellent attendance with good GPA. I took pride in winning awards, team and community involvement which gave me great confidence in my ability. To make sure my choice was right; I spent number of days with my uncle in India, who is general dentist, when I was thirteen. I was fascinated that patients who were in lots of pain left office with great smiles on their faces. I grew confident about my decision to attend dental school after consulting with people in the field. Through professionals such as my orthodontists, my great uncle and other dental personnel I came to know that this was the industry for me. As I started my first year of college, I began with working in pharmacy and volunteer organization. Working in the pharmacy allowed me to help patients by preparing their medications, helping with insurance claim forms, and maintaining their profiles. As pharmacy technician, I developed really good customer service skills by interacting with customers and playing large role in their personal health care plans. Coupled with my dedication to dental work is my belief in building understanding, caring relationships with each

Analysis the artwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis the artwork - Essay Example It is from the Neo-Assyrian era made around the eighth century B.C. from the Assyrian culture, created by an unknown artist. Its accession number is 60.145.11 and the credit line is Rogers Fund, 1960. The artwork stands 13.5 centimeters tall (Metropolitan Museum of Art). As mentioned earlier, the artwork as an example shows its relationship to the artist’s time and culture. The color, lines, shape and volume may as well give the meaning of the artwork as the composition, form and content do. The Assyrian sculpture is made of ivory which has been widely used during the time of its creation. Such use of the material shows the influence of Egyptian culture to Phoenician art. Moreover, the themes of the artworks also reflect the same influence (metmuseum.org). With the age of the sculpture, cracks and chips are seen all over it but one can just notice the quality of the material that lasted for millenniums with some of the parts still looking seemingly new, having the usual shiny and smooth surface typical of ivories. As formerly mentioned, ivory was used because of the influence of Egyptian culture to Phoenicia but perhaps also because of its availability and its tendency to last for years. In addition, the beauty that ivory holds is already a reason in itself for it to be used in the piece of art. Furthermore, the color of the sculpture speaks of its age. Most of the parts are faded while those which retained the color of the ivory are a bit darkened perhaps due to exposure to different seasons. The artwork in itself speaks of its early origins, having the customary characteristics of early artworks which do not show the meticulous and detailed general form of modern arts. Instead, the sculpture is roughly molded showing a big head which is not quite proportionate to the body and the faces which do not show fine details. In addition, the body of the tribute bearer and his gifts projected in the sculpture are slender, which is claimed to be Phoenician style (metmuseum.org). On the other hand, the other parts of the artwork have finer details which also give away the influence of culture to the artwork. For instance, the hair is obviously not natural because it looks curly, almost similar to the headdress of ancient English people. Moreover, the wrap around skirt is designed with intricate details that reflect Egyptian influence which is mostly observed in their respective artworks. The way the man is dressed shows his position, seen among common Egyptians in contrast to the other cultures where the upper body is also covered. The necklace the man is wearing also shows the use of ornaments of the early generations which is also reflective of Egyptian practice. Lastly, the use of sandals similar to what is used by the Egyptians clearly suggests a close relationship of Phoenicia to the renowned Egypt. The artwork is a reflection of the importance of giving gifts in the Phoenician culture. The man is perhaps sent to the leader of the stat e with the gifts as it was customary in the old times when visiting a leader. It could also be a personal decision for the tribute bearer to bring the gift to the receiver to ask for favors. This practice is widely known and practiced in early generations as often reflected in written literature and films set on such early times. Gifts then could be in the form of fruits, root crops and other foods, jewelries, clothes or animals such as the ones

Sources Of Influence On The Consumer Marketing Essay

Sources Of Influence On The Consumer Marketing Essay If you request a garment buyer during shopping at supermarket about their respective reason behind of their purchasing, most likely shopper will have problems to elucidate all his purchasing decisions. Researchers described this shopping decision based on the customer subconsciously decision which is made by almost 85% of the shoppers (Solomon et al, 2009). As a consequence of this consumer behaviour has been defined as the method which individual or groups of customer go throughout to choose, acquire, use and borrow the goods, selective services, purchasing ideas or increase the customer experiences to persuade their respective their needs (Solomon, 2009). Additionally, consumer decision for the low involvement goods, customer consumption choices are somewhat made by a customer uncomplicated purchase decision making process; however the shot involvement can also be made which is influenced by environment, marketing, promotion (Alvarez, B R. V. 2005). Kwok Keung Tam (2007) explained clothing is now become a fashion items rather than just a necessity good which used for keeping bodies warm and hiding the internal things. Todays garments become social status and most of the people go for the different garment purchase to showcase their respective personal image (OCass, 2000). This research paper makes an attempt to study how Garment becomes the personal image reflectors and the motive behind customer decision making behind the different garment brands. This paper will examines the different factors which influence the Irish customer behaviour with respect of Brand, Family influence, Bargain power, Store ambience etc . for the garment brand. In this research, we examine the consumer behaviour towards the clothing brand in Ireland as Tam (2007) highlighted in his research that Shopping for garments is one of the well-liked pastimes by Irish people from the different age and class group. This research intended to understand customer behaviour in fashion clothing als o this depends on the four major factors which push the female and male customer to purchase different set of garment for their respective uses, major factor which will analyse in this study i.e. Personal Identify , Physical factors , fashion lifestyle and the store ambience (Holmberg ÃÆ'-hnfeldt, 2010). Different shopping places in Ireland which has different formats of garment stores such as North face etc were selected for the filed study. Outcome of this result will be showcase how the different branding and marketing factor impact the customer behaviour during their purchase of clothing brand. Some of these factors would be Brand, Price, Quality, social status, promotion strategy and it will be directly correlated with the customer behaviour. Subsequently this study will help international clothing brand to understand the Irish customer much better manner which will be ultimate aim for this study to achieve. The research is taking place due we experienced that garment demand has been declined significantly in the Ireland which may be cause of the Economic condition and the change in customer behaviour. This research will analyse those top attributes which influence the customer decision making process for the garment brand. The main aim of this research is to evaluate the various factors which influence the customer buying behaviour. This would also help in understanding the elements needs for designing an effective marketing strategy for influencing customers buying decision. Such as the right pricing decision, branding decision , trend which further helps in influencing consumer behaviour and creating brand preference but the major question is what makes it a successful garment brand. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will contain all the research work that has already been conducted. This will help to understand how to carry on with the research work and also what studies can be further conducted. 2.1 Garment Industry Since 1995, the Ireland garment industry has been grown by 59% over today it is around 5 billion EURO because of the increasing import contribution and the growing fashion status of society (Dunford, Mick 2009). Irish fashion has influenced by the European and international fashion therefore it has become progressively more complicated to define an Irish garment look, apart from the MNC clothing organisation such as North Face and the Colombia wear, also as per the IFD GFK (2013) the Irish market segment is as follows Site: http://www.retailexcellence.ie/images/uploads/downloads/REI_Retail_Industry_Productivity_Review_Q3_Template_FINAL.pdf However ambiguity is perhaps the major roadblock facing by the Ireland apparel industry in after the economic recession. The monetary situation in Europe is influenced by the rising manufacture costs and flat garment prices, and less product innovation are the causes of the decline in this industry. 2.1 Consumer behaviour Donal Rogan (2007) explains the relationship between consumer behaviour and marketing strategy. He states that strategy is about increasing the probability and frequency of buyer behaviour. Requirements for succeeding in doing this are to know the customer and understand the consumers needs and wants. Chisnall (1995) points out that human needs and motives are inextricably linked and that the relationship between them is so very close that it becomes difficult to identify the precise difference which may characterize them. People may buy new coats because it protects them against the weather, but their real underlying dominant need may be to follow the latest fashion trend. Buyers characteristics are important theories from Kotler and Armstrong (2007) and it explains the way that the consumer interprets and receives stimuli from advertisements. The decisions of consumers are influenced by a number of individual characteristics that are linked to the consumers specific needs (Kotler Armstrong, 2007). 2.2 Consumer characteristics Consumer characteristics are explained by: Cultural characteristics, Social characteristics, Personal characteristics, and Psychological Characteristics. The marketer, in order to identify the consumer and to be able to decide on the strategy to what kind of consumer to target, identifies these characteristics. Hence, these characteristics are used in order to segment the market and target specific consumer groups. 2.3 Cultural Characteristics The Cultural Characteristics are recognized as the main influencer of consumer behavior. Three features underpinning consumer behavior develop these characteristics: Culture, Subculture, and Social Class. The psychological processes are heavily involved in consumers behavior. They affect through recognizing needs, finding ways to understanding these needs, making purchase decisions of buying a product or not, if so, which brand and where, construe information, make strategies and implementing them by engaging in comparison shopping or in fact purchasing a product (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Sources of Influence on the Consumer: The cultural influences are often been taken for granted as they are always important. An American will generally not bargain with a store owner but on the other hand this is a common carry out in much of the world (Graves, 2010). Our behavior also gets persuaded by physical factors. We are much expected to buy a soft drink when we are thirsty, for example, and food manufacturers have found that it is more useful to advertise their product when people are getting hungry i.e at the late afternoon. A persons  self-image  will also be likely to influence what he or she will buy as to project an image of success an upwardly manager may buy a ostentatious car (Albanese, 2003). Social factors often lie behind the consumers buying preferences, and buyers look up to strong psychological signs to relate their choice with. It makes a huge impact if their choice is backed by a strong famous personality. The difference in cultures plays an important role. The habitants of western countries s uch as American prefer to have ham, egg, toast, coffee etc. in their breakfast unlike some Asian countries where they have homemade bread with tea or rice with curry as breakfast. The differences in subculture follow with difference in choices of music, movies etc (Albanese, 2003). The marketing experts work as the preferences of the target area consumers. Consumer Preference The Choice and Decision Making: There are numerous factors involved in consumer decision making Problem identification The realization of the need of something makes us think of looking at the options. If the old cloths has been troubling lately, automatically the thought of replacement comes into mind Information Search we may look for the alternatives to solve the problem. It may be resolved through buying of a new vehicle e.g. car, motorbike or may be a used car. We might also think of public transport as alternative. A skateboard may be rode to the work every day. Evaluation of alternatives Public transport cannot be relied upon in case of strike etc. Skateboard will be of no use on a rainy day. Purchase The purchase ends a consumer cycle with finally making up the mind and completing the transaction. It may be subdivided into two more stages of post-purchase and testing before the final decision is made depending on satisfaction and trial check. (Mazzocchi, 1999). Understanding the vital motivational factors is very important to understand the logic of the buying behavior. The customer gives a certain level of importance to everything he needs in life. A car or home is the type of substantial objects in the category of most expensive and most desired and planned purchases. But similarly an acme medication can have, logically, a very substantial level of importance attached to it as well. Such important purchases play a very significant part in establishing a persons self esteem (Mazzocchi, 1999). The advertisements are designed to satisfy this self esteem of a buyer and give it a boom. The adverts need to show the positive and psychologically desired end result which a product is expected to fulfill. Searching options and Making Decisions: The subconscious plays a very important part in searching the stored information i.e. in the mind of the buyer. He may consult a directory or decide from any of the experienced products from his memory. E.g. while making decision about dining out, the customer might not search the yellow pages but just decide on one from his memory, either recommended by a friend or a previous experience (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Similar case will happen in case he wants to buy a car. He will consult every one, he thinks, has a valued opinion about the options. The reviews will be analyzed, dealerships will be visited, familys choice will be considered and then finally the purchase will happen. Firms may invest keeping in mind the consumers selection process. The objects which are highly likely to be selected through external search will be promoted through related means such as brochures, news coverage, websites etc. (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Some of the decisions are made with the help of compensatory and non-compensatorystrategy of buying. This involves trading off of some attributes of the product with the others. (Cohen, 1981). E.g. A car may boast of having a very low mileage and attractive price but slow acceleration. The decision will be made on the basis of use of the car. In a metropolitan city, slow acceleration might be ignored as the speed limits do not slow to accelerate above a specific limit. Similarly a cloth item may be rejected on the basis of its composition of materials no matter how best it fits and falls completely within budget. Some no-compromise situations might change consumer buying behavior abruptly (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Reasons behind Consumer Decision Making Process: In order to search a information and make a decision for the consumers to buy a product it depend on no of factors such as the (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006) Market: It involves the competition within an industry. It deals with the competing products from different brand labels, their characteristics such as packaging, price etc. Product uniqueness: How much the consumer is interested in analyzing the attributes of any particular product before making the purchase? Some other interesting factors affecting the buying decisions are hunt for variety and impulse buyers. The variety seekers are customers who are always ready to try a new version of the old product. These form an interesting group and smart marketing tactics can pursue them to buy slightly modified version of the old product even if it is not needed (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). The impulse buyers are very unpredictable group. They might leave home to buy vegetable but only decide to buy which one when they reach the store. A sub category of these will buy any product available, for future use, which they think will not become available for a long time (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Some purchases are made only when customers reach inside the store and remember buying any product they had forgotten to put on the list (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). Consumers choice: Consumes sometimes feel motivated. While buying a gift for a friend or relative might motivate them to have one of the products for themselves. A significant percentage of consumers believe in price comparisons and visit various shops finding for the best priced products. The other type is the convenience lovers who do not mind paying a little extra for getting it closer to their house or where they want it from. The impact of personality shall also be considered as some of the customers prefer variety over repetition and some prefer excitement and simulation in visiting new stores (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Another influential factor is perception. Discussions, reviews and experiences of people around the buyer tend to develop a certain perception about some products. When he goes to buy for himself, the perception factor certainly counts. The products perceived as good will automatically be considered first before the ones thought as not up to the mark (Susan Baker, 2003). The learning and experience plays a vital role in changing perceptions. The values hel by people also count. E.g. some people only buy recyclable products, some prefer vegetarian stuff. Some ask for products from specific countries only etc. (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Familys life cycle: Every individual and family goes through a life-cycle.   Ã‚  http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/Simple_FLC.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] Just to discuss, a couple may be living together as husband and wife or just lovers. (Jobber , 2006 ). In the real life, the situation might evolve into further developments such as divorces etc. resulting in singlehood. In this case more scenarios come forwards. http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/FLC_Changes.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] Single parenthood may be a result of a divorce or a death of one parent. These situations further evolve into big contributors of financial situation of a family. The custodian or guardian might come under extra financial pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/cb/FLC_Changes2.png Family decision making: Above discussed factors are just a few of numerous scenarios which the families might face during the course of life. Apart from other affected elements of ones life, from marketing point of view, the decision making of a family is the one which affected as well. While making the buying decisions of the family, the entire family members point of view is taken in consideration. These individuals hold the power of decision which forms the buying behavior of the family. (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Whether to buy; Which product to buy (pick-up or passenger car?); Which brand to buy; Where to buy it; and When to buy. Note, however, that the job of the decision maker is separate from that of the  purchaser. The marketers may find it difficult to impress both at the same time. The promotional tactics for targeting the purchaser at the point-of-purchase (POP) are easier to achieve results then influencing the decision maker (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Family set-up: One important factor in decision making difficulties attached with different kind of family setup. The family unit having enough cash flow might not find it difficult to meet the diverse requirements and choices of different family members but familys with financial pressures and budgeted shopping routines find it very difficult, especially families with children (Parsons and Maclaran, 2009). There is no realistic way to resolve issues related to differences. One family member might consider it worthwhile spending on a family vacation and the other might find it productive to buy computers for children (Mazzocchi, 1999). In this kind of situation, no one is wrong; it is jut conflict of opinion. These kinds of situations become even more complicated by the involvement of either children or relatives. Bargaining and convincing: Family members tend to opt for different tactics when trying to get their way at the time of purchase. Some of them go for the bargaining option. They try to bargain getting something on condition of someone else getting something for him. E.g. a wife may say that she will buy a new pick-up truck if her husband is ready to complete a gourmet cooking course. Similarly a child will make an unrealistic promise of walking it daily if he is provided with a pet hippopotamus. The elements of human psychology are important to know here. All these tactics might be used for no ill will with others. Family members try to persuade others by talking convincingly and reasoning and wear down the oppositions point. There are many faces of manipulative strategies used (Albanese, 2003). Impression management is one of them. A husband might try to argue that bringing in a new TV home will help educate and help children learn but the real motive behind the contention might be watching sports programs. T he second way of getting things done may be use of authority. One member of the family might be the assertive one and his use of authority may be the final decision making point. Another way of convincing someone is use of emotion, involving crying, being angry etc. (Graves, 2010). The Means-End Chain:   The buyers often buy product not because their actual attributes but because what benefits these attributes provide and it eventually leads to the satisfaction or the decisive values. The purchase of plastic roses might be the result of factors as illustrated below: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/images/intro/Means-End_Chain.png [Source: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/] The most important factor which works in a means end chain is the strongest factor working in favor of the product is its most strong attribute. The decision then gradually goes forward toward the related series of attributes and the consequences attached with it. In the end, the required values are being satisfied and decision is made (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Similarly each means end chain has all these steps accumulated in it. The advertisers focus on the end result i.e. the use of flowers to pursue the customer to make the purchase. For example the act of giving the significant half a present of flowers, as portrayed in the advert, will convince the buyer more than just showing the flowers alone. 2.14 Approach and attitude:   Consumers attitudes have a very important role to play in the game of marketing. They are a combination of different factors playing their part such as beliefs, feelings and the behavioral intentions of a person towards the item. In the marketing context the item may be a product, brand, a store etc. These components are all interlinked, although independent, but their combined influence is the final impression a consumer responds to and makes the decision about making the purchase (Solomon and Bamossy, 2006). Belief in values:   One of the very important components for the means end chain is belief in the values. A buyer may hold some positive beliefs about any product, say tea tastes good, and similarly some negative beliefs as well such as tea stains when spills. Some beliefs have a neutral opinion about them such as teas color etc. Some of the beliefs depend on the circumstances such as tea is considered as good in cold weather and cold and flu (Susan Baker, 2003). Some beliefs that consumers hold might not be true in fact. E.g. people think that pork contain less fat than other form of meat which is not true. Influences and feelings:   Consumers tend hold certain established feelings towards products and brands. These feelings tend to change with the passage of time on the basis of their experiences. E.g. a person can feel revolted by thinking about a very greasy and extra fat hamburger he might have had somewhere. Some feelings, however, are independent of the influences. For example an environmentalist might be against cutting off of trees for saving the world campaign but at the same time he might not object to cutting off of Christmas trees as she might unconsciously attach the feeling with the childhood Christmases he had spent decorating the trees (Susan Baker, 2003). CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Any research involves a number of options which needs to be visualized for achievement of the scope and focus of study. It is also needed for achieving the desired and relevant results. There are various options available to a researcher for selection of the research approach. The author has selected the following research model for availing the options and chooses the most reasonable option for the research approach. The model is known as Research Onion which is shown below in Figure 1.1. Sampling Secondary Data Observation Questionnaires Longitudinal Cross sectional Literature review Grounded theory Survey Inductive Deductive Realism Research philosophy Research Approaches Research strategies Time horizons Data collection methods Positivism Interpretivism Figure 1.1 The Research Process Onion Source: Saunders, et. al., (2003) The research would look into providing a brief on the layers of the research process so as to provide a better understanding for choosing the rational in a particular research. As per Saunders, et. al., (2003), research is a mix of positivism, interpretive and realism research philosophy. According to Remenyi et. al. (1998), if one prefers working with an observable social reality and that the end product of such research can be law-like generalisations similar to those produced by the physical or natural scientists, than positivism research philosophy should be the right one to follow. According to Chisnall, 2003 the above philosophy may not be entirely applicable to all business circle due to the complexity involved and due to the reason that everything cannot be placed under one umbrella. So this advocated towards interpretive research philosophy, who believes that rich insights into the complex world of business and management are lost if its complexity is reduced entirely to a s eries of law-like generalisations. (Saunders, et. al., 2003) According to Saunders, et. al., 2003, realism research philosophy should be also mentioned, due to the fact that it is based on the belief that a reality exists that is independent of human thoughts and believes (Saunders, et. al., 2003). For this research the discussion involves the customer perception so the researcher would select the realism research philosophy during the course of research (Chisnall, P., 2003; Saunders, et. al., 2003). So from the above reflections upon the philosophies of research, the researcher concluded on research to be mainly based on interpretivism research philosophy along with some further respect to be paid to the realism research philosophy. The framed questionnaire helps to identify customer different behaviour towards the purchasing decision of the Garment Brand in the Ireland. The major areas to explore consumer behaviour are following below. Brand: As the clothing not only now the necessities goods and become the fashion statement therefore brand is very important to measure the consumer behaviour for the garment shoppers. Family: As per the research most of the IRISH customer tends to take the advice from the family or close group people before they tend to purchase any cloth therefore it is important to mention these factors. Product uniqueness: Unique attributes which push the customer to choose the different clothing brand. Bargaining and convincing: Customer tries to bargain getting something on condition of someone else getting something Belief in values/ Influences and feelings: How brand try to influence the purchasing behavior of the customer (*through advertisement, promotion, store ambience etc) Research Question Prime objective of this paper to establish relationship amongst the customer behaviour and the attributes which influence the behaviour most for the IRISH customer such as the family, brand, uniqueness etc; therefore it is important to set the hypothesis to judge the outcome of the primary research. Brand influence the customer decision making most Family is the most important factor to influence the consumer purchasing decision Customer tends to bargain with the brand. Customer behaviour can be influenced by the advertisement, store ambience, etc. Null HYPOTHESIS Brand influence will not influence the customer decision for the garment purchase. Family is not the only important factor which influence the customer behaviour. Research approach Survey design has been widely used and adopted by many academicians in the research field of Garment (Gardberg and Fombrun, 2002; Sabate and Puente, 2003; Lee, 2004 cited in Yeo and Youssef, 2010). Through the literature review, a theoretical framework from the works of Berry and Kimpakorn and Tocquer were analyzed. Administering written questionnaires have been widely used mainly due to fact that anonymity is permitted, thus resulting in more honest responses. Additionally, well designed questionnaires are also able to reduce biasness due to the creativity that may arise from phrasing these questions. Surveys are also common as they are adaptable, easily implemented and provide the researcher with an opportunity to gain insight because of the large amount of feedback collected. Notwithstanding, limitations to this form of research arise from low rate of response primarily due to the fact that questions could be misunderstood. Procedures for data collection and analysis Data Collection: As the research study consist both the qualitative and quantitative research hence both the primary as well secondary data will be collected in this study in order to make the research comprehensive and exploratory. The data collection methodology for each type of data is given below: Primary Data: The primary for this study will be collected in the second phase of the study where the Questionnaires will be conducted with the consumers of garment industry in Ireland, of all age group and income group to gain the in-depth view and study about the consumer behaviour towards the garment purchase. The primary data will be collected through research survey instrument. The survey instrument as the questionnaire will be structured as it will consist of both closed as well as open ended questions. The survey will target at least 100 respondents across the city. The data collection would require field work where the research would get the questionnaire filled from customers visiting the two garment store selected for this research which are North face and the Columbia sports in the areas in Dublin, Ireland Secondary Data: The secondary for this study will be collected for the accomplishment of the first phase of the study where the detailed analysis of several factors influences the consumer buying decisions in fast food Industry. The secondary data for this study will be procured from the various news articles, marketing journals, reports, web, and the various literatures available in the context of the research topic. Sample Size: Minimum 50 people from each outlet would be targeted so the sample population for this research would be 100 respondents. As per Bryman.A and Bell.E (2007) research sample is defined as choice of small group from a large population for running the primary research. The small group selected from the large population is known as sample. As per Bryman.A and Bell.E (2007), no research can cover the total population as it would be time consuming and some part of population may not be relevant for research. The sample selected for this research is 100 respondents and the age group of these people would be 12-55 years. Evaluation of approach and analysis Data analysis would be analyzed through the statistical system i.e. SPSS. Using correlation analysis, customers in this Irish garment in industry would be analyzed to determine whether a customer behaviour and factor such as brand, family from the different garment brand correlated to each other. Ethics In this research all the first hand information only used for academic purpose. And I will focus on the authentic research where proper refreshing can been done. Limitation First limitation of study is to cover only Dublin as city for the study also it has only cover the sample size of 100 people out of the entire universe. Assumption Biggest assumption for this study is to have self believe on the response that we collect from the customer which always hold true without any further validation. CONCLUSION So to conclude this research would be based on quantitative method. A mix of primary and secondary data will be used for collecting data. Questionnaire method would be the tool of collecting data along with secondary data like journals, past research, books and internet. Chapter 4: Research Plan TIME FRAME Months Mar Apr May Weeks 2nd Week 4th Week 1st week 3rd week 4th week 1st week 2nd week 3rd week Problems defining Review of Literature Research Designing Method Defining Data Sources Collection of Data Data Analysis Framing the Conclusion of the research Writing Draft Editing Final Printing and Binding BIBLIOGRAPHY Alvarez, B. A Casielles, R. V. (2005). Consumer e valuations of

PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP Auditors? Independence Issues & Violations :: essays research papers fc

SEC Concerned with Changes in the Public Accounting Profession The SEC and the former Chairman Arthur Levitt Jr. were extremely concerned that the public accounting firms were violating the auditors independence rules addressed through the Securities Exchange Acts. Auditing firms now had dual citizenship in public companies: (1) they issued opinions on audited financial statements and (2) they participated in various consulting engagements for those same companies. Levitt's solution was to split auditing and consulting. The former Chairman was concerned that the public would lose confidence in the financial markets †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and the whole system would be jeopardized. Public Accounting Revenues vs. Consulting Revenues by 1999 By 1976, audit fees accounted for approximately 70% of total revenue earned by any accounting firm in general. According to the Public Accounting Report, an Atlanta newsletter, the auditing and assurance services revenues dropped to 30% and tax services business accounted for 19% of the total revenues earned in 1999. Mathematically speaking, this means management consulting services accounted for approximately 51% of the total revenue being earned in 1999 by public accounting firms. Fact: According to The Business Journal's Book of Lists, PwC had $75 million in South Florida billings in 1998 to place third among accounting firms. SEC Auditors’ Independence Rule The independence rules require that auditors refrain from investing in companies that they audit, to ensure objective, truthful reporting and opinion. The rule applies to all auditors, their relatives, spouses, dependents, non-dependents, and, in some cases, associates must disclose all holdings. On the September 25, 2002 issue of BusinessWeekOnline.com, the Accounting Wars Powerful auditor-consultants are the target of Arthur Levitt’s crusade articles defined â€Å"Independence to mean, CPAs cannot audit their own or their partners' work†¦.†¦..clear and honest information is dependent on the CPAs independence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦an auditor must not have any financial stake in the health, or even survival, of a client company.† There are those in the profession that believe this rule is archaic and does not hold any value in today’s financial world. Barry Melancon, President and CEO of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants stated, â€Å"The SEC has a right to expect the profession to adhere to the rules; however, the profession has a right to expect the regulatory environment to remain modern.† Fact: In 1933, when Congress first required public financial reports, lawmakers debated whether audit fees would taint auditors' independence. PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP is a public accounting firm formed through a merger between Coopers & Lybrand LLP and Price Waterhouse LLP, which was consummated on or about July 1, 1998.

Indian Capital Market Essay

History of Indian Capital Markets S. Sowdeesram The history of the Indian capital markets and the stock market, in particular can be traced back to 1861 when the American Civil War began. The opening of the Suez Canal during the 1860s led to a tremendous increase in exports to the United Kingdom and United States. Several companies were formed during this period and many banks came to the fore to handle the finances relating to these trades. With many of these registered under the British Companies Act, the Stock Exchange, Mumbai, came into existence in 1875. It was an unincorporated body of stockbrokers, which started doing business in the city under a banyan tree. Business was essentially confined to company owners and brokers, with very little interest evinced by the general public. There had been much fluctuation in the stock market on account of the American war and the battles in Europe. Sir Premchand Roychand remained a kingpin for many years. Sir Phiroze Jeejeebhoy was another who dominated the stock market scene from 1946 to 1980. His word was law and he had a great deal of influence over both brokers and the government. He was a good regulator and many crises were averted due to his wisdom and practicality. The BSE building, icon of the Indian capital markets, is called P. J. Tower in his memory. The planning process started in India in 1951, with importance being given to the formation of institutions and markets The Securities Contract Regulation Act 1956 became the parent regulation after the Indian Contract Act 1872, a basic law to be followed by security markets in India. To regulate the issue of share prices, the Controller of Capital Issues Act (CCI) was passed in 1947. The stock markets have had many turbulent times in the last 140 years of their existence. The imposition of wealth and expenditure tax in 1957 by Mr. T. T. Krishnamachari, the then finance minister, led to a huge fall in the markets. The dividend freeze and tax on bonus issues in 1958-59 also had a negative impact. War with China in 1962 was another memorably bad year, with the resultant shortages increasing prices all round. This led to a ban on forward trading in commodity markets in 1966, which was again a very bad period, together with the introduction of the Gold Control Act in 1963. The markets have witnessed several golden times too. Retail investors began participating in the stock markets in a small way with the dilution of the FERA in 1978. Multinational companies, with operations in India, were forced to reduce foreign share holding to below a certain percentage, which led to a compulsory sale of shares or issuance of fresh stock. Indian investors, who applied for these shares, encountered a real lottery because those were the days when the CCI decided the price at which the shares could be issued. There was no free pricing and their formula was very conservative. The next big boom and mass participation by retail investors happened in 1980, with the entry of Mr. Dhirubhai Ambani. Dhirubhai can be said to be the father of modern capital markets. The Reliance public issue and subsequent issues on various Reliance companies generated huge interest. The general public was so unfamiliar with share certificates that Dhirubhai is rumoured to have distributed them to educate people. Mr. V. P. Singh’s fiscal budget in 1984 was pathbreaking for it started the era of liberalization. The removal of estate duty and reduction of taxes led to a swell in the new issue market and there was a deluge of companies in 1985. Mr. Manmohan Singh as Finance Minister came with a reform agenda in 1991 and this led to a resurgence of interest in the capital markets, only to be punctured by the Harshad Mehta scam in 1992. The mid-1990s saw a rise in leasing company shares, and hundreds of companies, mainly listed in Gujarat, and got listed in the BSE. The end1990s saw the emergence of Ketan

Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Example

Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Example Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay 1. 0 Introduction At the University of Ghana there are studies that suites originally built to take two pupils. are now officially allocated to five pupils ( after minor alterations ) . but on the side occupied by every bit many as eight or nine – to the cognition of the university governments! Apart from the obvious hygiene and wellness jeopardies posed. what sort of atmosphere does this provide for survey after categories? All of which have brought most African universities to a province of serious impairment. This is apparent non merely to those who work or study in those universities but to even the most insouciant visitant. – ( Association of African Universities. 2004 ) Housing is a basic human demand in all societies and cardinal right of every person. In advanced states. lodging is more accessible to all classs of people including the hapless and the needy as a consequence of subsidies from the authorities. The state of affairs is non the same in developing states of the universe . In Ghana. for illustration. handiness to lodging by the hapless is rather a hard state of affairs which is worsened by the rough economic conditions and hapless enabling environment. Likewise. accessing lodging installations by Ghanese pupils at the university is no exclusion. particularly where such university happens to be the dream finish of most Ghanaians come ining into third establishment. In third establishments worldwide. the proviso of adjustment to the students’ population takes different theoretical accounts. This includes ; non-residential. where pupils beginning for their ain adjustment. Residential. where the university houses all its pupils and dual-residential. where the university houses its pupil population for a period of clip merely. likely the first and concluding twelvemonth. while the pupils during the staying period beginning for their ain adjustments. The experiences of pupils in third establishments in sourcing and procuring for their ain adjustment around university communities are likely to be interesting and important. However. it is deserving observing that. University of Ghana. the nation’s Prime Minister university has gone through a series of development when it comes to how to suit its pupils. both undergraduates and graduate students. 1. 1 Research job University of Ghana has undergone a series of reforms when it comes to the residential policy for its pupils. The of all time increasing figure of enrollees in the establishment is what defines this restructuring of the policy regulating students’ adjustment over clip. In the past two old ages what the incumbent frailty Chancellor of the Exchequer of the university term as Decongestion has taken topographic point in expectancy to the fulfilment of the university accomplishing efficiency in its field of operation. The thrust has besides been fast tracked by his informal end that the university should accomplish a world-class position. Effective August. 2011. the university efficaciously implemented its decongestion policy apportioning suites to a upper limit of three ( 3 ) pupils and four ( 4 ) pupils in the chief halls and extensions severally. This was done to turn to the jobs of overcrowding that resulted in inauspicious effects of hapless sanitation. force per unit area on residential public-service corporations such as reading suites and libraries. kitchen and washrooms. among other hapless conditions for effectual personal surveies by pupils. Residential installations have been increased to do the policy successful. Even though. the job of unequal adjustment for pupils is non wholly solved. the restructuring have been effectual since its execution. and it is deserving look intoing the effects of the new policy. whether it has achieved its end or it is towards accomplishing its intended end or otherwise. 1. 2 Purpose of the survey The chief ground why this research is being conducted is to measure the satisfaction of pupils with the current students’ residential policy and its effects on their surveies. 1. 3 Aims of the survey Specific aims of the survey are as follows: 1. To assess pupils perceptual experience of sanitation in the halls/hostels now. 2. To assess pupils perceptual experience of security in the halls/hostels now. 3. To look into pupils handiness to some basic hall/hostel public-service corporations. 1. 4 Research Questions 1. What is students’ perceptual experience of sanitation in the halls/hostels now? 2. What is students’ perceptual experience of security and comfort in the halls/hostels now? 3. What is the handiness position of pupils to basic halls/hostels public-service corporations now? 1. 5 Relevance of the survey As a top university in Ghana and Africa and one which is endeavoring to achieve a universe category position. adequate installations should be provided and already bing 1s improved. particularly criterions of services and installations which include supplying contributing on-campus pupil lodging installation. The above research provides the foundation for this survey and high spots the countries of new cognition which are needed ; to concentrate upon students’ satisfaction of residential installations in University of Ghana. A cardinal inquiry is what is the degree of students’ satisfaction with respects to the pupils lodging installation ( SHF ) in the context of University of Ghana? The survey contributes to a better apprehension of SRS of UG. The consequences offer valuable feedback to the university governments. installation directors and university hostel/hall decision makers in footings of the present criterions or the demand for farther betterment of the SHF through effectual designs and direction. The consequences will assist to explicate guidelines in footings of allotment of suites to pupils. care and for future developments of pupil lodging guaranting that the university is able to supply equal and modern-day on-campus SHF. 2. 0 Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction This subdivision reviews bing literature on the pupil residential installations. It is chiefly made up of old surveies. diaries. articles. periodicals amongst other beginnings. They form the secondary beginning of informations to the survey. 2. 2 The Concept of Student Residential Facility Student lodging has long been regarded as an indispensable constituent of the installations provided by the higher acquisition establishments in helping pupils to spread out their rational capablenesss. Harmonizing to Hassanain ( 2008 ) . good planned pupil lodging installations ( SHF ) promote desirable educational results and aid to accomplish the broader aims such as societal coherence and responsible citizenship. An earlier survey by Zahran ( 1972 ) reveals that a good pupil lodging promotes interactions between roomies of different backgrounds and specialisations ; and therefore broadens the students’ cognition. Amole ( 2005 ) argues that installations such as survey countries or meeting topographic points for academic treatments and societal assemblages provided in the pupil lodging will promote informal rational activities outside the students’ ain modules. Price et Al. ( 2003 ) related student interpersonal growing to adequate installations and Fay ( 1981 ) high lighted the importance of students’ satisfaction in the SHF as a scheme to heighten pupil development. Despite the importance of SHF. small literature is available to measure pupil sentiments of their lodging installations. Most surveies on post-occupancy rating focal point on household lodging either public or private abodes. look intoing the interaction between owner-occupiers or renters and their lodging scenes. Majority of these surveies utilized the construct of lodging satisfaction when measuring the interactions between the occupants and their physical environment ( Amole. 2009b ) . Arguing that lodging satisfaction can take towards bettering individual’s quality of life. Salleh ( 2008 ) investigates brooding. lodging services and neighbourhood factors that influence the occupants of private low-priced lodging in Malaysia. The survey revealed that the occupants are more satisfied with their brooding units and lodging services if compared to their vicinity installations. Elsinga and Hoekstra ( 2005 ) survey lodging satisfaction among European communities and happen out th at except in Austria. householders are more satisfied than the renters because homeownership provides security. freedom and fiscal benefits. In contrast. James ( 2008 ) analyses the influence of age and type of ownership on the degree of satisfaction and establishes that tenant satisfaction additions with the age at a much faster rate than the type of homeownership. However. pupil lodging and household lodging are non the same. Student lodging comprises of basic sleeping room units with other shared installations such as bathrooms. lavatories. wash. kitchens. common sofas and cafeterias located either per floor degree. per block or for the whole pupil lodging adjustment ( Amole. 2009a ) . On the contrary. the basic unit for household lodging is a house which includes sleeping rooms. bathrooms. lavatories and a living country all as portion of the unit with other lodging installations such as resort area. stores and school at the vicinity ( Parkes et al. . 2002 ) . In add-on. pupil lodging offers limited security of ownership and freedom if compared to household lodging. Therefore. the above findings may non use in the context of pupil lodging. Surveies on residential satisfaction ( RS ) from the pupil position are largely focused on factors impacting RS ; such as grounds for pupils to keep their old abode ( Cleave. 1996 ) and forecasters of pupil residential satisfaction ( SRS ) ( Foubert et al. . 1998 ; Khozaei et Al. . 2010b ) . There are besides surveies on pupil lodging with narrower Scopess such as the effects of floor tallness on congestion ( Kaya and Erkip. 2001 ) ; students’ perceptual experiences on indoor comfort ( Dahlan et Al. . 2009 ) ; students’ sense of fond regard with a peculiar pupil lodging ( Khozaei et al. . 2010a ) ; get bying schemes for pupils remaining in pupil lodging ( Amole. 2005 ) and the relationship between satisfaction and degrees of environment ( Amole. 2009b ) . These surveies offer small counsel as to whether the pupils are satisfied with SHF provided. Among the limited surveies on SRS are surveies by Amole ( 2007. 2009a ) . Hassanain ( 2008 ) and Radder and Han ( 2009 ) . Amole ( 2007. 2009a ) investigates RS among pupils in Nigeria and the findings indicated a low satisfaction with the SHF provided. Radder and Han ( 2009 ) researched student satisfaction degrees in South Africa and the findings indicated once more a degree of dissatisfaction with campus abodes. Alternatively. Hassanain ( 2008 ) found that pupils in Saudi Arabia indicated a degree of satisfaction with the SHF provided. However. the surveies were conducted in states where the civilization and clime are different from that experienced in the Southeast Asia part. which is likely to impact the sensed environment of the built environment. Therefore. the consequences of the surveies may non be applicable to the survey context. 2. 3 Development of the adjustment construction Originally. halls in the university were built to suit two pupils per room. This proviso was equal for pupils because non many people sought for higher instruction. However. as the population of Ghana increased and the demand to seek higher instruction became outstanding in the state. the figure pupils enrolled each academic twelvemonth increased quickly every bit good. Residential installations were increased and expanded to suit the of all time increasing figure of pupil consumption which demanded restructuring of pupil residential policy given the limited resources the university had. In the thick of the reforms. beyond the enlargement and alteration of the original suites to suit two individuals at a clip. the figure increased to five ( 5 ) in a room officially. both in the chief halls and the extensions. The uninterrupted addition in the pupil consumption amidst the unexpanded residential installations meant that. non all pupils could be accommodated on campus. hence. private inns began to jump up to absorb the extra pupils who could non procure adjustment on campus. The private inns motive to do net income meant that they charge high monetary values which were intolerable by many pupils. This brought about one of the outstanding footings that everyone who has passed through the four walls of the University of Ghana is popular with Perching . 2. 4 The issue of Perching The word connotes pupils who illicitly portion residential installations with official residents of a room. This resulted in overcrowding in the halls. seting utmost force per unit area on washrooms. reading suites. hall libraries. dry lines. among other installations that were originally constructed for two people. This was go oning who many reforms were traveling on. The two most popular reforms were the in-out-out-in and the in-out-out-out policies. The former meant that. all first twelvemonth pupils were qualified for adjustment on campus. this making did non intend automatic allotment of suites to freshers but allotment was capable vote for a YES or NO and 2nd and 3rd twelvemonth pupils were to look for their ain adjustment. Under this policy. concluding twelvemonth pupils like first twelvemonth pupils besides qualified to be accommodated on campus ; it is nevertheless. deserving observing that. even for the concluding twelvemonth pupils. because of the limited figure of suites available. allotment of suites was besides done via balloting a yes or no by pupils. The latter policy. in-out-out-out raised a batch of superciliums as it meant that merely first twelvemonth pupils were offered adjustment on campus. And for this policy allotment to level 100 pupils was automatic and assured. With this policy in topographic point the job of perching worsened. The official figure of residents in a room about doubled for about all the halls of abode. The inauspicious effects of hapless state of affairs created a batch of jobs ; hapless sanitation. insecurity. uncomfortableness. which had direct impact on students’ wellness. hygiene. and efficiency. 2. 5 The current residential policy The University of Ghana Hostels with a capacity of 26000 beds. which was to be built at the University of Ghana. Legon. with partnership between the university and six Bankss was a dream come alive every bit long as happening a solution to the perennial job of adjustment in our public universities is concerned this was an averment made by Professor C. N. B. Tagoe. Vice Chancellor of the university of Ghana ( GhanaWeb. 2008 ) . From the above statement I would to admit the Contingency theory one of the outstanding schools under the Open Systems position of Organizations. This theory as a subdivision of systems design emphasizes that design determinations are dependent on environmental conditions. Contingency theory is guided by the general orienting hypothesis that organisations whose internal characteristics match the demands of their environments will accomplish the best version. Lawrence and Lorsch ( 1967 ) . who coined the label contingency theory . argue that different environments topographic point differing demands on organisations. In a recent reappraisal article. Lawrence ( 1993 ) provides a partial list of factors that one or another theoretician has considered of import. They include size or graduated table. engineering. geographics. uncertainness. single sensitivities of participants. resource dependence. national or cultural differences. range and organisational life rhythm. With concentration on the resource dependence factor. it is declarative that. the version and realisation of the said solution was to a great extent contingent on the proviso of fiscal resources by the six Bankss which are external to the organisation. As the resources from the external environment was provided by the six Bankss. the enlargement of the residential installations have been a world so. doing it possible to set up four different inns which accommodates about 7. 120 pupils. It is a combination of these factors that made it possible for the decongestion exercising in the five traditional halls executable. Currently. some of the inns have been restructured into halls and run as the traditional halls. The criterion suites accommodate four ( 4 ) individuals as the extensions do. With other rigorous steps put in topographic point to command perching it is believed that. the intent for which this restructuring was done is being worked towards. It must be stated flatly that. the chief ground for this exercising is to better students’ efficiency in the university. 2. 6 Halls of Residence/Hostels The University believes in community life as an indispensable portion of pupil life. It is hence chiefly residential. supplying adjustment in Halls of Residence for both undergraduate and post-graduate pupils every bit good as flats and guest suites for senior members and invitees. There are five halls of abode ( available to all pupils ) and several Hostels. The present Halls and Hostels are as follows: Each Hall consists of junior members ( pupils ) and senior members ( academic and senior administrative and professional staff ) . and is managed by a Council consisting members elected by individuals belonging to the Hall. The Master ( or Warden in the instance of Volta Hall ) is the Head of the Hall. Each Hall has Junior and Senior Common Rooms for pupils and Faculty. severally. A tutorial system offers an chance for reding pupils and guaranting their public assistance at both academic and societal degrees. Students maintain interaction with each other and the wider community throu gh recognized nines and societies. Each Hall has a kitchen and a dining hall to provide for students’ eating. Chapels and a mosque are besides available for usage by assorted spiritual denominations. A Chaplaincy Board co-ordinate the activities of spiritual groups. Social life on the campus is organised chiefly by the Students’ Representative Council and the Junior Common Room Committees which provide assorted sorts of societal programmes. LEGON HALL: Legon Hall was the first to be built on the lasting site of the University of Ghana at Legon and is. hence. the Premier Hall of the University. Its foundation tablet was laid during the Michaelmas Term of 1951 and. in September 1952. the first undergraduates were accepted into abode. On Trinity Sunday. 31st May 1953. the first service was held in the Chapel and the first repast served in the Dining Hall. From these events. the Hall took Trinity Sunday every twelvemonth as its birthday. celebrated by a common Feast for both its Junior and Senior Members. The Hall’s slogan. Cui Datum ( To whom much is given†¦ ) . was selected from St. Luke’s Gospel. in acknowledgment of the particular duty attached to the Hall’s senior status. Senior Members of the University may be assigned as Fellows of the Hall by the Vice Chancellor and they normally keep their Family for every bit long as they remain with the University. Persons of academic differentiation outside the University may be elected as Honorary Fellows at a General Meeting of Fellows. The remainder of the rank of the Hall is made up of individuals in statu pupillari. The regulating organic structure of the Hall is the Hall Council. members of which are Fellows of the Hall. The chief Hall Officers are: The Master. the Vice-Master. the President of the Senior Common Room. the Senior Tutor. and the Hall Bursar. AKUAFO HALL: Akuafo Hall was established with the assignment of Professor D. A. Taylor. a Master-designate and a Hall Council in 1953. The Hall Council in 1954 decided to call the Hall Akuafo to mark the generous gesture of the husbandmans of Ghana in giving money for the foundation of the University College. A crest which depicts a chocolate tree. an unfastened book and a membranophone. designed by Professor W. J. McCallien. and a slogan. laboremus et sapiamus. suggested by Professor L. H. Ofosu-Appiah. were adopted by the Council. A commemorating plaque with a Latin lettering composed by Professor L. H. Ofosu-Appiah was set up to demo the gratitude of the Hall to the husbandmans of the state and to the British Government who gave the University College financess for the edifice of the Hall. The Hall was officially opened on 17 February. 1956. but the first pupils. totaling 131. came into abode on the fifth October. 1955. The Hall has its ain legislative acts regulating the election of officers and the disposal of its personal businesss. Once a twelvemonth. the Maestro has to convene a meeting of the Fellows. who form the regulating organic structure. to have his one-year study. The Senior Common Room is unfastened to all Fellows and their invitees. and the Senior Combination Room to all senior members of the University. Senior Members may besides ask for pupils to the Combination Room. COMMONWEALTH HALL: The first batch of pupils was admitted into abode in Commonwealth Hall at the beginning of the 1956-1957 academic twelvemonth. In the Lent Term of that academic twelvemonth. Ghana attained its independency from Great Britain. and the Hall. hitherto known as the Third Hall. was officially christened Commonwealth Hall to mark Ghana’s admittance into the Commonwealth of Nations. The official gap of the Hall was performed in March. 1957. It is. so far. the lone all-male Hall of Residence in the University. The slogan of the Hall. Truth Stands. was taken from a citation from Satyre by John Donne ( 1572-1631 ) : On a immense hill. cragged. and steep. Truth bases and hee that will Reach her. about must. and about must goe This slogan combines both the physical state of affairs of the Hall ( on a hillside overlooking most of the University and beyond ) and the proper chase of a University instruction. the hunt for truth. It is the lone Hall of Residence in the University which has a theater and Amphitheatre for talks and dramas. The Coat of Arms of the Hall depicts the strength and integrity of intent of members of the Hall derivation from the bonds of association enjoyed by the single members of the Hall. High Commissioners of the Commonwealth states in Ghana are accorded Honorary Membership of the Hall. There is a Hall Council which administers the personal businesss of the Hall. assisted by the Tutorial Board and the Senior Common Room Committee. VOLTA HALL: Volta Hall started as the Fourth Hall in the 1959-60 academic twelvemonth. on 16th November. 1960. The University College Council. on the recommendation of the Hall Council. named it Volta Hall. The Hall consists of the chief hall originally designed to suit 82 pupils. and an extension with an original capacity for suiting 198 pupils. the business of which began in January 1966. The slogan of the Hall. chosen during the Hall’s 10th anniversary jubilations. is in the Akan linguistic communication and it is: Akokobere Nso Nyim Adekyee. This means that the secret or cognition of life and nature is a gift to adult females as it is to work forces. The Hall has a regulating Body which comprises all the Fellows assigned to it and those elected by the assigned Fellows. The authorities of the Hall rests with this organic structure which delegates some of its powers to a Hall Council. The Hall Council consists of 10 members. including the Warden. the Deputy Warden. the Senior Tutor and the Bursar who are ex-officio members. The daily disposal of the Hall is carried out by the Warden with the aid of the Senior Tutor. who deals with all students’ personal businesss. and the Bursar. MENSAH SARBAH HALL: Mensah Sarbah Hall. the 5th Hall of the University. stands in the southern portion of the campus. The Hall consists of a chief Hall built around a quadrilateral and a figure of Annexes standing to the North and E. The last two south extensions are attached to the Hall. Until October 1991. Mensah Sarbah was the lone coeducational Hall of Residence in the University. which made it rather alone among the Halls. The regulating organic structure of the Hall is the Council. which is responsible to the full organic structure of Fellows who form the Senate. Students’ personal businesss are handled by students’ ain elective authorities headed by a President. while the general disposal of the Hall is under the Maestro who is assisted by the Senior Tutor and Tutors on the one manus and the Bursar o n the other. Other Hall Military officers are the Chaplain. who is responsible for the Roman Catholic Chapel. the Prayer Room Warden. who is responsible for the Protestant Chapel. and the Librarian. Senior Common Room personal businesss are managed by an elective commission under the President of the Senior Common Room. The Hall is named after the celebrated Ghanese legal expert. author and solon. John Mensah Sarbah of Cape Coast. It has been customary for the Hall to observe the birthday day of remembrance of this great adult male every twelvemonth. This anniversary is known as Sarbah Day and is highlighted by a dinner and a get-together. The Hall has a crest designed to convey out the chief characteristics of Mensah Sarbah’s life. It consists of three elements: a brace of graduated tables. a stool with a book resting upon it. and a hill surmounted by a palace. The graduated table signifies the legal profession. the stool and the book symbolise civilization while the hill and the palace are intended to picture the familiar landscape of Cape Coast with its many hills and garrisons. At the same clip. the palace is intended to symbolize strength and honor. The Hall’s slogan is: Knowledge. Honour. Service – three words which competently summarise the guiding rules of Mensah Sarbahà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. VALCO TRUST HOSTELS: The thought to construct a alumnus inn was foremost nurtured when Legon Hall Annex C was prepared entirely for graduate pupils of the Hall. The pursuit for a suited adjustment for alumnus pupils gained attending when Valco Trust Fund offered to finance the building of a alumnus inn. As a farther encouragement to this class. Legon Hall Annex C was converted into an Annex of the Hostel. The Valco Trust Hostel. donated to the University by the Valco Trust Fund to ease force per unit area on pupil adjustment. is a block of purpose-built. self-contained flats for 190 pupils. The Hostel. which was completed in June 1997. is the University’s first inn for alumnus pupils. A 2nd block with similar installations was opened in January 2006. Located behind Mensah Sarbah Hall on the southern portion of the campus. the flats are arranged in individual and dual survey sleeping rooms with en suite shower and lavatory. There is a shared kitchen for every 12 suites. Facilities in the inns include common suites. washrooms and a eating house. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ HOSTELS: The International Student’s Hostels are located on the southern portion of the campus off the route to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research. For a long clip. it had been the dream of the University of Ghana to make and beef up links with other universities in order to heighten the international pupil presence on campus. The first stage was commissioned in June 1999 and the 2nd in January 2006. The Hostels are co-educational and each has 43 individual suites and 85 dual suites. In add-on. there are installations such as a well-fortified security system. kitchenettes and eating houses. Mentions Amole. D. ( 2005 ) . Coping schemes for life in pupil residential installations in Nigeria . Environment and Behaviour. Vol. 37. pp. 201-19. Amole. D. ( 2009b ) . Residential satisfaction in students’ housing . Journal of Environment Psychology. Vol. 29. pp. 76-85. Association of African Universities ( 2004 ) . Challenges Confronting African Universities: Selected Issues . African Studies Review ( 2004 ) Vol. 47. No. 1. 1-59 Dahlan. N. . Jones. P. . Alexander. D. . Salleh. E. and Alias. J. ( 2009 ) . Evidence base prioritization of indoor comfort perceptual experiences in Malayan typical multi-storey hostels . Building and Environment. pp. 2158-65. Elsinga. M. and Hoekstra. J. ( 2005 ) . Homeownership and lodging satisfaction . Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. Vol. 20. pp. 401-24. Fay. G. ( 1981 ) . A theoretical account for reexamining growing environments . Journal of College and University Student Housing. Vol. 11 No. 1. pp. 46-7. Foubert. J. D. . Tepper. R. and Morrison. D. R. ( 1998 ) . Predictors of pupil satisfaction in university abode halls . Journal of College and University Student Housing. Vol. 21No. 1. pp. 41-6. Hassanain. M. A. ( 2008 ) . On the public presentation rating of sustainable pupil lodging facilities . Journal of Facilities Management. Vol. 6 No. 3. pp. 212-25. James. R. N. ( 2008 ) . Residential satisfaction of aged renters in flat housing . Social Indicators Research. Vol. 89. pp. 421-37. James. R. N. ( 2008 ) . Residential satisfaction of aged renters in flat housing . Social Indicators Research. Vol. 89. pp. 421-37. Kaya. N. and Erkip. F. ( 2001 ) . Satisfaction in a residence hall edifice: the effects of floor tallness on the perceptual experience of room size and crowding . Environment A ; Behavior. Vol. 33 No. 1. pp. 35-53. Khozaei. F. . Hassan. A. S. and Khozaei. Z. ( 2010a ) . Undergraduate students’ satisfaction with inn and sense of fond regard to topographic point: instance survey of universiti sains Malaysia . American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Vol. 3 No. 3. pp. 516-20. Lawrence. Paul R. and Jay W. Lorsch. ( 1967 ) Organization and environment Boston ; Harvard University. Division of Research. Graduate School of Business Administration. Parkes. A. . Kearns. A. and Atkinson. R. ( 2002 ) . What makes people dissatisfied with their vicinities? . Urban Studies. Vol. 39 No. 13. pp. 2413-38. Price. I. . Matzdorf. F. . Smith. L. and Agahi. H. ( 2003 ) . The impact of installations on pupil pick of university . Facilities. Vol. 21 No. 10. pp. 212-22. Radder. L. and Han. Ten. ( 2009 ) . Service quality of on-campus pupil lodging: a South African experience . The International Business A ; Economics Research Journal. Vol. 8 No. 11. pp. 107-19. Salleh. A. G. ( 2008 ) . Neighbourhood factors in private low-priced lodging in Malaysia . Habitat International. Vol. 32. pp. 485-93. World Wide Web. ghanaweb. com. ( Tuesday. 8th January. 2008 ) retrieved on 4th October. 2012. World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 10th October. 2012 World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 2nd November. 2012 World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 5th November. 2012